C57 小鼠 MCAO 线栓模型
大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)线栓模型:经血管内线栓暂时闭塞大脑中动脉起始部,造成该供血区局灶性缺血,血流恢复后形成短暂性脑缺血再灌注损伤。梗死主要累及同侧大脑皮层与纹状体(基底节),表现为轻至中度、可逆的神经功能缺损(前端肢屈曲、侧向推力抵抗下降、单向转圈等)。
Study design
重复训练后移除平台进行探测,比较训练过程中的学习曲线及探测试验的目标象限偏好。
Randomisation
每日从 N、S、E、W 四个方位下水,起始方位在动物和训练日之间随机排列。
Blinding
实验操作与数据分析对分组设盲。
Outcome measures
方案输出为灌注固定后形态保存良好的成年小鼠组织(如脑),适用于解剖学观察与免疫组织化学等后续显微检测;用量判据:预洗液约18–20 mL至流出液清亮、肝与四肢苍白,固定液90 mL至器官变硬。
存活脑组织染为红色、梗死区呈白色;以 2 mm 连续冠状切片逐孔染色成像后,测量患侧与对侧半球的梗死面积及总面积,计算患侧相对对侧的梗死面积百分比。
训练期逃避潜伏期、路径长度和游泳速度;探测期目标象限停留时间及搜索路径。
Experimental animals
- Age
- adult
- Tissue
- brain
- Age
- 2 月龄;体重 20–22 g
- Sex
- Male
- Tissue
- 脑组织
- Age
- 成年(来源未报告具体周龄)
- Tissue
- 脑/海马(空间学习与记忆)
- Age
- 2 月龄;体重 20–22 g
- Sex
- Male
- Tissue
- 脑组织
- Age
- 成年(来源未报告具体周龄)
- Tissue
- 脑/海马(空间学习与记忆)
Experimental procedures
灌注前溶液配制 配制以下两种溶液。灌注预洗液:向100 ml 0.9%(w/v)氯化钠溶液中加入1.25 ml 1%(w/v)亚硝酸钠与0.04 ml肝素(5000 IU/ml),临用前配制。灌注固定液:4%多聚甲醛溶于0.1 M磷酸缓冲液(PB,pH 7.4),使用前配制不超过48小时,4摄氏度保存,灌注当日恢复至室温。 麻醉诱导 通过腹腔注射氯胺酮(150 mg/kg)与赛拉嗪(15 mg/kg)诱导麻醉。 开胸与左心室插管 打开胸腔,将与管路(T型接头连接预洗液与灌注固定液)及蠕动泵(设置:18 ml/min)相连的针头插入左心室,并在右心房切一小口,以便操作过程中血液与灌注液流出。 动脉与毛细血管系统标记 如需特异性标记动脉与毛细血管系统,在打开胸腔暴露心脏后立即执行本步骤:使用31G针头将DyLight 649标记的番茄凝集素(Lycopersicon esculentum,1 mg/ml)100 µl在30秒内直接注入左心室,等待一分钟使凝集素循环后再进行预洗液灌注。 预洗液灌注冲洗 以预洗液灌注,直至右心房产出液体清亮、肝脏与四肢苍白(通常约需18–20 ml预洗液)。 固定液灌注 灌注90 ml固定液,灌注完成时器官变硬、各组织得到良好保存。 组织采集与后固定 解剖采集分析所需组织,置于固定液中4摄氏度后固定18–24小时。 PBS漂洗 用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS;0.1 M,pH 7.2)漂洗组织,每次30分钟,共3次。 保存 置于含0.1%叠氮钠的PBS中4摄氏度保存,直至用于免疫组织化学或其他显微分析。
TTC Staining TTC Staining The brain is removed from the skull and placed into a brain slicer mold placed in ice. Razor blades are positioned in the mold to obtain 2mm thick sections. Sections are placed in individual wells of a 24 well tissue culture dish with 500 μl of 2% TTC in 0.1M PBS. The plate is wrapped in foil and placed on a 37°C slide warmer for 30 minutes. TTC is removed and 500ul of fixative is added to each well for storage. Images of the sections are captured by Olympus S2H10 research stereo- microscope and Adobe Photoshop software. The infarct area and total area of the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres are measured with Scion image software (Scion Corporation). The percent infarct area is calculated as a percentage of the ipsilateral hemisphere relative to the contralateral hemisphere as previously described. [F2.JPG]]()
训练试次 每天从 N、S、E、W 四个象限边缘的 4 个不同起始位置释放每只小鼠。每次给予至多 100 s 寻找隐蔽平台;到达平台后停留 15 s。若小鼠在 100 s 内未找到平台,引导其到平台并停留 15 s。试次间将小鼠放回铺有干燥垫料的暂养笼,间隔 15–30 min。动物之间及不同训练日的起始位置应随机排列,避免形成固定位置策略。 无平台探测试次 每个工作周结束时移除隐蔽平台,从原平台相对象限释放小鼠,自由游泳 100 s。使用 EthoVision 记录搜索路径。对目标象限的偏好反映空间记忆巩固。 数据分析 使用 EthoVision 自动计算路径长度(cm)、游泳速度(cm/s)及各区域或象限停留时间。分析训练日之间的逃避潜伏期和路径长度,形成学习曲线;探测试验比较目标象限与其他象限的停留时间,并采用适合研究设计的统计检验。WT 小鼠的逃避潜伏期应随训练逐渐下降,探测试验对目标象限的偏好应达到 >25% 停留时间。KO 小鼠若存在空间学习障碍,可表现为逃避潜伏期延长或缺少象限偏好。
Model identity
- Model name
- C57 小鼠 MCAO 线栓模型
- Species
- mouse
- Taxonomy ID
- 10090
- Strain
- C57BL/6
Biological characteristics
- Phenotype stage
- 在采用的45分钟闭塞后再灌注条件下:术后第1天神经功能缺损最重、总体轻至中度,第3天起逐渐恢复,第7天减轻至轻度损伤,多数动物于7天内恢复;第7天TTC染色梗死位于右侧大脑皮层与基底节。摄食量最低点出现在术后第1天,体重最低点在第2天,至第7天回升至基线以上。
- Research questions
- 大脑中动脉供血区血流中断所致缺血性脑卒中的病理生理、治疗与预后研究;线栓MCAO手术入路(颈外动脉结扎与颈总动脉修补)对梗死体积稳定性、组内变异、体重与摄食、神经功能结局及死亡率的影响比较。
- Limitations
- 手术诱导模型,无单一改造品系或基因型编号,不作MGI品系身份匹配。梗死体积与神经结局受线栓规格与涂层、闭塞与再灌注时长、麻醉时长、手术技巧及小鼠Willis环固有变异影响,模型本身存在病灶体积不稳、组内变异大、死亡率与神经功能受损等局限。颈外动脉结扎破坏颈外动脉供血区,可致咀嚼与吞咽肌缺血、摄食减少与体重下降;颈总动脉修补技术要求更高、手术与麻醉时间更长,并存在血管狭窄与血栓风险。本记录的具体数值来自单只笼饲养、45分钟闭塞再灌注的特定比较范式,不能泛化为全部MCAO模型的表现。
Experimental methods
Experimental protocols
- 实验小鼠心脏灌注固定:解剖学研究组织标本制备
Adult mice are anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (150 mg/kg) with xylazine (15 mg/kg); the chest is opened and a needle connected to a peristaltic pump is placed in the left ventricle, and a prewash solution followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) is perfused. A step in the flow labels the arterial and capillary systems in vivo with DyLight 649-conjugated tomato lectin injected into the left ventricle. Dissected tissues are post-fixed at 4 °C for 18–24 h, washed in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.2) and stored at 4 °C in PBS containing 0.1% sodium azide until used for immunohistochemistry or other microscopic analysis, yielding well-preserved tissue for anatomical studies. Institutional animal ethics approval must be obtained before performing this procedure.
- 脑切片 TTC 染色与梗死面积测定
Fresh brains are cut to 2-mm coronal sections, stained per well with 2% TTC in 0.1M PBS at 37°C for 30 min protected from light, stored in fixative, imaged on a stereomicroscope, and infarct percentage computed ipsilateral-versus-contralateral.
- 小鼠 Morris 水迷宫空间学习与记忆测定
Assess spatial learning and memory in adult mice using hidden-platform training and platform-free probe trials, with escape latency, path length, swim velocity and target-quadrant time as readouts.
- 脑切片 TTC 染色与梗死面积测定
Fresh brains are cut to 2-mm coronal sections, stained per well with 2% TTC in 0.1M PBS at 37°C for 30 min protected from light, stored in fixative, imaged on a stereomicroscope, and infarct percentage computed ipsilateral-versus-contralateral.
- 小鼠 Morris 水迷宫空间学习与记忆测定
Assess spatial learning and memory in adult mice using hidden-platform training and platform-free probe trials, with escape latency, path length, swim velocity and target-quadrant time as readouts.
Reagents and materials
- 氯胺酮 (HCl)
麻醉诱导
- 灌注预洗液(氯化钠-亚硝酸钠-肝素混合液)
灌注前冲洗血液
- 4%多聚甲醛/0.1 M磷酸缓冲液固定液(pH 7.4)
灌注固定
- 0.1 M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.2)漂洗液
固定组织漂洗
- 赛拉嗪 (HCl)
麻醉诱导(与氯胺酮联用)
- 4%多聚甲醛/0.1 M磷酸缓冲液固定液(pH 7.4)
采集组织后固定
- DyLight 649标记番茄凝集素(Lycopersicon esculentum)
在体标记动脉与毛细血管系统
- 含0.1%叠氮钠的PBS保存液
检测前组织保存
- 2% TTC 染液
TTC 工作液(染色)
- 0.1M PBS缓冲液(TTC染色溶剂)
TTC 染色工作液的缓冲体系
- 组织固定液(TTC染色后保存用)
TTC 染色后的组织切片保存
- ACUSOL OP301 遮光剂
水体遮光
- 组织固定液(TTC染色后保存用)
TTC 染色后的组织切片保存
- 0.1M PBS缓冲液(TTC染色溶剂)
TTC 染色工作液的缓冲体系
- 2% TTC 染液
TTC 工作液(染色)
- ACUSOL OP301 遮光剂
水体遮光
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