试剂
Accutrend Plus 血糖试纸与读数仪
- 组成
- 源方案使用Roche Accutrend Plus test strips and meter。
- 使用说明
- 用于大鼠尾静脉血的血糖读数。
已发布方案版本
- 大鼠尾静脉血糖测定 · **Measurement of Blood Glucose ** · 血糖检测耗材与读数平台 质控运行用量 · Roche Accutrend Plus血糖试纸和读数仪。
来源版本：protocols.io · vv2 · Michael Hill · This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
BioBreeding (BB) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（BB rats model spontaneous autoimmune diabetes but carry lymphopenia absent in human T1D.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（BB 大鼠：自发 1 型糖尿病肾小球病变（综述推荐）；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis model compared with sham and with streptozotocin-diabetic Belgrade rats.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Whether DMT1-mediated iron transport in bone contributes to the bone microstructure and biomechanical deterioration of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.; Tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old at purchase, fed high-fat diet for two months then given 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin, studied at 8 months of age; n=10 per group.；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Diabetes induced with a single intraperitoneal STZ injection, then insulin withdrawn in the DKA group to produce ketoacidosis.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 SD 大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球/小管终点读出；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review presents the streptozotocin rat as a classic model with reduced nerve fiber, axon and myelin size, but notes it was not validated with antineuropathic drugs.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病大鼠：肾小球基底膜样物质积聚的经典 1 型 DN 大鼠模型；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of progressive albuminuria and renal lesions in ZDF rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDF 大鼠：Lepr fa/fa 纯合糖尿病脂肪大鼠，用于肥胖伴显性糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review of pancreatic, renal, ocular, neural, bone and gonadal complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis of ZDF studies.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（ZDF 大鼠：高脂喂养诱导的 2 型糖尿病肾渐进性病变（综述汇总）；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The diabetic group (n = 40) received high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes, then underwent wounding procedures.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does MOTS-c restore cardiac mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic rats?; Male Wistar rats, 6-7 weeks old and 150-200 g, fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks with a 25 mg/kg streptozotocin injection at week 8；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used to examine retinal rhodopsin generation and the development of diabetic retinopathy.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠：光生物调节/线粒体相关肾损伤读出；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends SDT fatty rats for studying pathogenesis and screening antidiabetic peripheral neuropathic drugs, particularly for type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Pathophysiological features of diabetes and its complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis across models.；已验证适用）t2dn/mcwi rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the T2DN/Mcwi substrain.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Is the T2DN/Mcwi rat suitable for advanced diabetic nephropathy research?; T2DN/Mcwi rat；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（T2DN/Mcwi 大鼠：自发性 2 型糖尿病肾病伴高血压与白蛋白尿（综述记载）；已验证适用）spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes LEW.1AR1-IDDM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（LEW rats provide a congenic spontaneous autoimmune T1D model with a short pre-diabetic period.；已验证适用）alloxan-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Alloxan-induced diabetic rats are a chemical model of insulin-deficient diabetes used in diabetic neuropathy research; the cited review notes that alloxan is now less commonly used than streptozotocin.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球病变（综述记载）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review states that SDT rats most closely resemble human pathophysiology but lack microaneurysms.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（SDT 大鼠：Sprague-Dawley 来源自发性糖尿病大鼠，用于 2 型糖尿病及并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rat model most closely resembles human DR pathophysiology?; Review of spontaneously diabetic Torii rats；已验证适用）Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review considers OLETF rats a better type 2 diabetic neuropathy model than LETO rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（OLETF 大鼠：CCK1 受体缺失突变的自发性多基因代谢综合征大鼠，用于肥胖与 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Recommendation that diabetic rat models remain essential for developing novel drugs and understanding human diabetes.; Review-level conclusion.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（OLETF 大鼠：自发 2 型糖尿病肾大球硬化与小管间质纤维化（综述推荐）；已验证适用）spontaneously diabetic wbn/kob rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends WBN/Kob rats as a better model for human peripheral diabetic neuropathy because of primary segmental demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration.；已验证适用）university of california davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review reports that fed or fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dl is a commonly used criterion for diabetes onset in this model.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How is diabetes defined and staged in the UCD-T2DM rat?; UCD-T2DM rats under regular chow or high-fat diet, with fed or fasting blood glucose monitoring.；已验证适用）Goto-Kakizaki rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（GK rats were used as a spontaneous non-obese model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（Goto-Kakizaki 大鼠：非肥胖型自发 2 型糖尿病大鼠，用于糖代谢与胰岛功能研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does resveratrol improve glucose tolerance, tissue lipid handling and pancreatic islet structure in Goto-Kakizaki rats?; GK rats；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（GK 大鼠：非肥胖型 2 型糖尿病肾损伤（模型综述推荐的白蛋白尿/病理读出）；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review concludes that the ZDSD rat progresses from prediabetes to overt diabetes and is an advantageous preclinical model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDSD 大鼠：Zucker 糖尿病 Sprague-Dawley 品系，用于肥胖合并 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用） - 大鼠尾静脉血糖测定 · **Measurement of Blood Glucose ** · 血糖检测耗材与读数平台 血糖读数用量 · Roche Accutrend Plus血糖试纸和读数仪。
来源版本：protocols.io · vv2 · Michael Hill · This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review concludes that the ZDSD rat progresses from prediabetes to overt diabetes and is an advantageous preclinical model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDSD 大鼠：Zucker 糖尿病 Sprague-Dawley 品系，用于肥胖合并 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用）Goto-Kakizaki rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（GK rats were used as a spontaneous non-obese model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（Goto-Kakizaki 大鼠：非肥胖型自发 2 型糖尿病大鼠，用于糖代谢与胰岛功能研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does resveratrol improve glucose tolerance, tissue lipid handling and pancreatic islet structure in Goto-Kakizaki rats?; GK rats；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（GK 大鼠：非肥胖型 2 型糖尿病肾损伤（模型综述推荐的白蛋白尿/病理读出）；已验证适用）university of california davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review reports that fed or fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dl is a commonly used criterion for diabetes onset in this model.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How is diabetes defined and staged in the UCD-T2DM rat?; UCD-T2DM rats under regular chow or high-fat diet, with fed or fasting blood glucose monitoring.；已验证适用）spontaneously diabetic wbn/kob rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends WBN/Kob rats as a better model for human peripheral diabetic neuropathy because of primary segmental demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration.；已验证适用）Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review considers OLETF rats a better type 2 diabetic neuropathy model than LETO rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（OLETF 大鼠：CCK1 受体缺失突变的自发性多基因代谢综合征大鼠，用于肥胖与 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Recommendation that diabetic rat models remain essential for developing novel drugs and understanding human diabetes.; Review-level conclusion.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（OLETF 大鼠：自发 2 型糖尿病肾大球硬化与小管间质纤维化（综述推荐）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review states that SDT rats most closely resemble human pathophysiology but lack microaneurysms.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（SDT 大鼠：Sprague-Dawley 来源自发性糖尿病大鼠，用于 2 型糖尿病及并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rat model most closely resembles human DR pathophysiology?; Review of spontaneously diabetic Torii rats；已验证适用）alloxan-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Alloxan-induced diabetic rats are a chemical model of insulin-deficient diabetes used in diabetic neuropathy research; the cited review notes that alloxan is now less commonly used than streptozotocin.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球病变（综述记载）；已验证适用）spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes LEW.1AR1-IDDM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（LEW rats provide a congenic spontaneous autoimmune T1D model with a short pre-diabetic period.；已验证适用）t2dn/mcwi rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the T2DN/Mcwi substrain.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Is the T2DN/Mcwi rat suitable for advanced diabetic nephropathy research?; T2DN/Mcwi rat；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（T2DN/Mcwi 大鼠：自发性 2 型糖尿病肾病伴高血压与白蛋白尿（综述记载）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends SDT fatty rats for studying pathogenesis and screening antidiabetic peripheral neuropathic drugs, particularly for type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Pathophysiological features of diabetes and its complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis across models.；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used to examine retinal rhodopsin generation and the development of diabetic retinopathy.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠：光生物调节/线粒体相关肾损伤读出；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The diabetic group (n = 40) received high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes, then underwent wounding procedures.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does MOTS-c restore cardiac mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic rats?; Male Wistar rats, 6-7 weeks old and 150-200 g, fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks with a 25 mg/kg streptozotocin injection at week 8；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of progressive albuminuria and renal lesions in ZDF rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDF 大鼠：Lepr fa/fa 纯合糖尿病脂肪大鼠，用于肥胖伴显性糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review of pancreatic, renal, ocular, neural, bone and gonadal complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis of ZDF studies.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（ZDF 大鼠：高脂喂养诱导的 2 型糖尿病肾渐进性病变（综述汇总）；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review presents the streptozotocin rat as a classic model with reduced nerve fiber, axon and myelin size, but notes it was not validated with antineuropathic drugs.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病大鼠：肾小球基底膜样物质积聚的经典 1 型 DN 大鼠模型；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Diabetes induced with a single intraperitoneal STZ injection, then insulin withdrawn in the DKA group to produce ketoacidosis.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 SD 大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球/小管终点读出；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis model compared with sham and with streptozotocin-diabetic Belgrade rats.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Whether DMT1-mediated iron transport in bone contributes to the bone microstructure and biomechanical deterioration of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.; Tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old at purchase, fed high-fat diet for two months then given 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin, studied at 8 months of age; n=10 per group.；已验证适用）BioBreeding (BB) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（BB rats model spontaneous autoimmune diabetes but carry lymphopenia absent in human T1D.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（BB 大鼠：自发 1 型糖尿病肾小球病变（综述推荐）；已验证适用） - 大鼠尾静脉血糖测定 · **Measurement of Blood Glucose ** · 血糖检测耗材与读数平台 血糖读数用量 · Roche Accutrend Plus血糖试纸和读数仪。
来源版本：protocols.io · vv2 · Michael Hill · This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
BioBreeding (BB) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（BB rats model spontaneous autoimmune diabetes but carry lymphopenia absent in human T1D.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（BB 大鼠：自发 1 型糖尿病肾小球病变（综述推荐）；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis model compared with sham and with streptozotocin-diabetic Belgrade rats.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Whether DMT1-mediated iron transport in bone contributes to the bone microstructure and biomechanical deterioration of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.; Tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old at purchase, fed high-fat diet for two months then given 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin, studied at 8 months of age; n=10 per group.；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Diabetes induced with a single intraperitoneal STZ injection, then insulin withdrawn in the DKA group to produce ketoacidosis.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 SD 大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球/小管终点读出；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review presents the streptozotocin rat as a classic model with reduced nerve fiber, axon and myelin size, but notes it was not validated with antineuropathic drugs.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病大鼠：肾小球基底膜样物质积聚的经典 1 型 DN 大鼠模型；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of progressive albuminuria and renal lesions in ZDF rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDF 大鼠：Lepr fa/fa 纯合糖尿病脂肪大鼠，用于肥胖伴显性糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review of pancreatic, renal, ocular, neural, bone and gonadal complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis of ZDF studies.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（ZDF 大鼠：高脂喂养诱导的 2 型糖尿病肾渐进性病变（综述汇总）；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The diabetic group (n = 40) received high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes, then underwent wounding procedures.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does MOTS-c restore cardiac mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic rats?; Male Wistar rats, 6-7 weeks old and 150-200 g, fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks with a 25 mg/kg streptozotocin injection at week 8；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used to examine retinal rhodopsin generation and the development of diabetic retinopathy.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠：光生物调节/线粒体相关肾损伤读出；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends SDT fatty rats for studying pathogenesis and screening antidiabetic peripheral neuropathic drugs, particularly for type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Pathophysiological features of diabetes and its complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis across models.；已验证适用）t2dn/mcwi rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the T2DN/Mcwi substrain.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Is the T2DN/Mcwi rat suitable for advanced diabetic nephropathy research?; T2DN/Mcwi rat；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（T2DN/Mcwi 大鼠：自发性 2 型糖尿病肾病伴高血压与白蛋白尿（综述记载）；已验证适用）spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes LEW.1AR1-IDDM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（LEW rats provide a congenic spontaneous autoimmune T1D model with a short pre-diabetic period.；已验证适用）alloxan-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Alloxan-induced diabetic rats are a chemical model of insulin-deficient diabetes used in diabetic neuropathy research; the cited review notes that alloxan is now less commonly used than streptozotocin.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球病变（综述记载）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review states that SDT rats most closely resemble human pathophysiology but lack microaneurysms.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（SDT 大鼠：Sprague-Dawley 来源自发性糖尿病大鼠，用于 2 型糖尿病及并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rat model most closely resembles human DR pathophysiology?; Review of spontaneously diabetic Torii rats；已验证适用）Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review considers OLETF rats a better type 2 diabetic neuropathy model than LETO rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（OLETF 大鼠：CCK1 受体缺失突变的自发性多基因代谢综合征大鼠，用于肥胖与 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Recommendation that diabetic rat models remain essential for developing novel drugs and understanding human diabetes.; Review-level conclusion.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（OLETF 大鼠：自发 2 型糖尿病肾大球硬化与小管间质纤维化（综述推荐）；已验证适用）spontaneously diabetic wbn/kob rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends WBN/Kob rats as a better model for human peripheral diabetic neuropathy because of primary segmental demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration.；已验证适用）university of california davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review reports that fed or fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dl is a commonly used criterion for diabetes onset in this model.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How is diabetes defined and staged in the UCD-T2DM rat?; UCD-T2DM rats under regular chow or high-fat diet, with fed or fasting blood glucose monitoring.；已验证适用）Goto-Kakizaki rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（GK rats were used as a spontaneous non-obese model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（Goto-Kakizaki 大鼠：非肥胖型自发 2 型糖尿病大鼠，用于糖代谢与胰岛功能研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does resveratrol improve glucose tolerance, tissue lipid handling and pancreatic islet structure in Goto-Kakizaki rats?; GK rats；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（GK 大鼠：非肥胖型 2 型糖尿病肾损伤（模型综述推荐的白蛋白尿/病理读出）；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review concludes that the ZDSD rat progresses from prediabetes to overt diabetes and is an advantageous preclinical model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDSD 大鼠：Zucker 糖尿病 Sprague-Dawley 品系，用于肥胖合并 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用）SHR/N-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（SHR/N-cp 大鼠：用于早期糖调节受损与糖尿病肾功能不全并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How relevant and translatable are leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models to human type 2 diabetes?; Narrative review of published studies on leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodents; no animals used in this study；已验证适用） - 大鼠尾静脉血糖测定 · **Measurement of Blood Glucose ** · 血糖检测耗材与读数平台 血糖读数用量 · Roche Accutrend Plus血糖试纸和读数仪。
来源版本：protocols.io · vv2 · Michael Hill · This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
SHR/N-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（SHR/N-cp 大鼠：用于早期糖调节受损与糖尿病肾功能不全并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How relevant and translatable are leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models to human type 2 diabetes?; Narrative review of published studies on leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodents; no animals used in this study；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review concludes that the ZDSD rat progresses from prediabetes to overt diabetes and is an advantageous preclinical model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDSD 大鼠：Zucker 糖尿病 Sprague-Dawley 品系，用于肥胖合并 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用）Goto-Kakizaki rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（GK rats were used as a spontaneous non-obese model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（Goto-Kakizaki 大鼠：非肥胖型自发 2 型糖尿病大鼠，用于糖代谢与胰岛功能研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does resveratrol improve glucose tolerance, tissue lipid handling and pancreatic islet structure in Goto-Kakizaki rats?; GK rats；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（GK 大鼠：非肥胖型 2 型糖尿病肾损伤（模型综述推荐的白蛋白尿/病理读出）；已验证适用）university of california davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review reports that fed or fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dl is a commonly used criterion for diabetes onset in this model.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How is diabetes defined and staged in the UCD-T2DM rat?; UCD-T2DM rats under regular chow or high-fat diet, with fed or fasting blood glucose monitoring.；已验证适用）spontaneously diabetic wbn/kob rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends WBN/Kob rats as a better model for human peripheral diabetic neuropathy because of primary segmental demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration.；已验证适用）Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review considers OLETF rats a better type 2 diabetic neuropathy model than LETO rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（OLETF 大鼠：CCK1 受体缺失突变的自发性多基因代谢综合征大鼠，用于肥胖与 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Recommendation that diabetic rat models remain essential for developing novel drugs and understanding human diabetes.; Review-level conclusion.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（OLETF 大鼠：自发 2 型糖尿病肾大球硬化与小管间质纤维化（综述推荐）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review states that SDT rats most closely resemble human pathophysiology but lack microaneurysms.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（SDT 大鼠：Sprague-Dawley 来源自发性糖尿病大鼠，用于 2 型糖尿病及并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rat model most closely resembles human DR pathophysiology?; Review of spontaneously diabetic Torii rats；已验证适用）alloxan-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Alloxan-induced diabetic rats are a chemical model of insulin-deficient diabetes used in diabetic neuropathy research; the cited review notes that alloxan is now less commonly used than streptozotocin.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球病变（综述记载）；已验证适用）spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes LEW.1AR1-IDDM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（LEW rats provide a congenic spontaneous autoimmune T1D model with a short pre-diabetic period.；已验证适用）t2dn/mcwi rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the T2DN/Mcwi substrain.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Is the T2DN/Mcwi rat suitable for advanced diabetic nephropathy research?; T2DN/Mcwi rat；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（T2DN/Mcwi 大鼠：自发性 2 型糖尿病肾病伴高血压与白蛋白尿（综述记载）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends SDT fatty rats for studying pathogenesis and screening antidiabetic peripheral neuropathic drugs, particularly for type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Pathophysiological features of diabetes and its complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis across models.；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used to examine retinal rhodopsin generation and the development of diabetic retinopathy.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠：光生物调节/线粒体相关肾损伤读出；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The diabetic group (n = 40) received high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes, then underwent wounding procedures.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does MOTS-c restore cardiac mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic rats?; Male Wistar rats, 6-7 weeks old and 150-200 g, fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks with a 25 mg/kg streptozotocin injection at week 8；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of progressive albuminuria and renal lesions in ZDF rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDF 大鼠：Lepr fa/fa 纯合糖尿病脂肪大鼠，用于肥胖伴显性糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review of pancreatic, renal, ocular, neural, bone and gonadal complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis of ZDF studies.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（ZDF 大鼠：高脂喂养诱导的 2 型糖尿病肾渐进性病变（综述汇总）；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review presents the streptozotocin rat as a classic model with reduced nerve fiber, axon and myelin size, but notes it was not validated with antineuropathic drugs.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病大鼠：肾小球基底膜样物质积聚的经典 1 型 DN 大鼠模型；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Diabetes induced with a single intraperitoneal STZ injection, then insulin withdrawn in the DKA group to produce ketoacidosis.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 SD 大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球/小管终点读出；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis model compared with sham and with streptozotocin-diabetic Belgrade rats.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Whether DMT1-mediated iron transport in bone contributes to the bone microstructure and biomechanical deterioration of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.; Tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old at purchase, fed high-fat diet for two months then given 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin, studied at 8 months of age; n=10 per group.；已验证适用）BioBreeding (BB) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（BB rats model spontaneous autoimmune diabetes but carry lymphopenia absent in human T1D.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（BB 大鼠：自发 1 型糖尿病肾小球病变（综述推荐）；已验证适用）high-fat diet-fed Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（高脂喂养 Wistar 大鼠：用于饮食诱导代谢综合征的空腹血糖、胰岛素、甘油三酯等指标评价。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（What hepatic and adipose responses do Wistar rats show to moderate-duration HFD?; Reviewed studies of Wistar rats fed 45% lard-based diet for 4-15 weeks；已验证适用）high-fat diet-induced obesity Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（高脂饮食诱导肥胖 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠：用于糖耐量受损、血脂异常、高血压等代谢综合征成分及肝脏再生能力研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; High-fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用）Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（Zucker fatty（fa/fa）大鼠：Lepr 受体 Gln269Pro 错义突变导致的遗传性肥胖与糖尿病前期研究；不用于大血管并发症。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢相关脂肪性肝炎 (MASH)（Zucker fa/fa 大鼠：瘦素受体缺陷遗传肥胖大鼠的肝脏脂肪变与轻度炎症背景（纤维化进展有限）；已验证适用）WOKW rat (Wistar Ottawa Karlsburg W) · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（WOKW 大鼠：多基因自发性代谢综合征模型，用于肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖耐量受损与高胰岛素血症整合研究。；已验证适用） - 大鼠尾静脉血糖测定 · **Measurement of Blood Glucose ** · 血糖检测耗材与读数平台 血糖读数用量 · Roche Accutrend Plus血糖试纸和读数仪。
来源版本：protocols.io · vv2 · Michael Hill · This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Wistar fatty rat · 已验证适用 · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Wistar fatty rats develop glucose intolerance accompanied by exaggerated insulin secretion, hypertrophied islets with degranulation of β cells, albuminuria and decreased GFR, increased ICAM-1 expression and renal hypertrophy.；已验证适用）high carbohydrate diet-induced rat model · 已验证适用 · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review-recommended model for early MS stages with mild FBG effect but significant hypertriglyceridemia and IR；已验证适用）high fat diet-induced rat model · 已验证适用 · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review-recommended 30-50% HFD as the model of choice to simulate a condition close to T2DM within 10+ weeks；已验证适用）high carbohydrate-high fat diet-induced rat model (cafeteria diet) · 已验证适用 · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review-recommended cafeteria-style HCH-HFD as the most robust model inducing obesity, dyslipidemia, IR, hyperglycemia and inflammation；已验证适用）WOKW rat (Wistar Ottawa Karlsburg W) · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（WOKW 大鼠：多基因自发性代谢综合征模型，用于肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖耐量受损与高胰岛素血症整合研究。；已验证适用）Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（Zucker fatty（fa/fa）大鼠：Lepr 受体 Gln269Pro 错义突变导致的遗传性肥胖与糖尿病前期研究；不用于大血管并发症。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢相关脂肪性肝炎 (MASH)（Zucker fa/fa 大鼠：瘦素受体缺陷遗传肥胖大鼠的肝脏脂肪变与轻度炎症背景（纤维化进展有限）；已验证适用）high-fat diet-induced obesity Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（高脂饮食诱导肥胖 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠：用于糖耐量受损、血脂异常、高血压等代谢综合征成分及肝脏再生能力研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; High-fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用）high-fat diet-fed Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（高脂喂养 Wistar 大鼠：用于饮食诱导代谢综合征的空腹血糖、胰岛素、甘油三酯等指标评价。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（What hepatic and adipose responses do Wistar rats show to moderate-duration HFD?; Reviewed studies of Wistar rats fed 45% lard-based diet for 4-15 weeks；已验证适用）BioBreeding (BB) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（BB rats model spontaneous autoimmune diabetes but carry lymphopenia absent in human T1D.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（BB 大鼠：自发 1 型糖尿病肾小球病变（综述推荐）；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis model compared with sham and with streptozotocin-diabetic Belgrade rats.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Whether DMT1-mediated iron transport in bone contributes to the bone microstructure and biomechanical deterioration of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.; Tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old at purchase, fed high-fat diet for two months then given 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin, studied at 8 months of age; n=10 per group.；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Diabetes induced with a single intraperitoneal STZ injection, then insulin withdrawn in the DKA group to produce ketoacidosis.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 SD 大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球/小管终点读出；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review presents the streptozotocin rat as a classic model with reduced nerve fiber, axon and myelin size, but notes it was not validated with antineuropathic drugs.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病大鼠：肾小球基底膜样物质积聚的经典 1 型 DN 大鼠模型；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of progressive albuminuria and renal lesions in ZDF rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDF 大鼠：Lepr fa/fa 纯合糖尿病脂肪大鼠，用于肥胖伴显性糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Review of pancreatic, renal, ocular, neural, bone and gonadal complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis of ZDF studies.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（ZDF 大鼠：高脂喂养诱导的 2 型糖尿病肾渐进性病变（综述汇总）；已验证适用）high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The diabetic group (n = 40) received high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes, then underwent wounding procedures.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does MOTS-c restore cardiac mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic rats?; Male Wistar rats, 6-7 weeks old and 150-200 g, fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks with a 25 mg/kg streptozotocin injection at week 8；已验证适用）streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used to examine retinal rhodopsin generation and the development of diabetic retinopathy.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（STZ 糖尿病 Wistar 大鼠：光生物调节/线粒体相关肾损伤读出；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends SDT fatty rats for studying pathogenesis and screening antidiabetic peripheral neuropathic drugs, particularly for type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Pathophysiological features of diabetes and its complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis across models.；已验证适用）t2dn/mcwi rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in the T2DN/Mcwi substrain.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Is the T2DN/Mcwi rat suitable for advanced diabetic nephropathy research?; T2DN/Mcwi rat；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（T2DN/Mcwi 大鼠：自发性 2 型糖尿病肾病伴高血压与白蛋白尿（综述记载）；已验证适用）spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes LEW.1AR1-IDDM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（LEW rats provide a congenic spontaneous autoimmune T1D model with a short pre-diabetic period.；已验证适用）alloxan-induced diabetes rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Alloxan-induced diabetic rats are a chemical model of insulin-deficient diabetes used in diabetic neuropathy research; the cited review notes that alloxan is now less commonly used than streptozotocin.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠：白蛋白尿与肾小球病变（综述记载）；已验证适用）Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（Review states that SDT rats most closely resemble human pathophysiology but lack microaneurysms.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（SDT 大鼠：Sprague-Dawley 来源自发性糖尿病大鼠，用于 2 型糖尿病及并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rat model most closely resembles human DR pathophysiology?; Review of spontaneously diabetic Torii rats；已验证适用）Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review considers OLETF rats a better type 2 diabetic neuropathy model than LETO rats.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（OLETF 大鼠：CCK1 受体缺失突变的自发性多基因代谢综合征大鼠，用于肥胖与 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Recommendation that diabetic rat models remain essential for developing novel drugs and understanding human diabetes.; Review-level conclusion.；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（OLETF 大鼠：自发 2 型糖尿病肾大球硬化与小管间质纤维化（综述推荐）；已验证适用）spontaneously diabetic wbn/kob rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review recommends WBN/Kob rats as a better model for human peripheral diabetic neuropathy because of primary segmental demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration.；已验证适用）university of california davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review reports that fed or fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dl is a commonly used criterion for diabetes onset in this model.；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How is diabetes defined and staged in the UCD-T2DM rat?; UCD-T2DM rats under regular chow or high-fat diet, with fed or fasting blood glucose monitoring.；已验证适用）Goto-Kakizaki rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（GK rats were used as a spontaneous non-obese model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（Goto-Kakizaki 大鼠：非肥胖型自发 2 型糖尿病大鼠，用于糖代谢与胰岛功能研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Does resveratrol improve glucose tolerance, tissue lipid handling and pancreatic islet structure in Goto-Kakizaki rats?; GK rats；已验证适用） · 糖尿病肾病 (DN)（GK 大鼠：非肥胖型 2 型糖尿病肾损伤（模型综述推荐的白蛋白尿/病理读出）；已验证适用）Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rat · 已验证适用 · 糖尿病模型（The review concludes that the ZDSD rat progresses from prediabetes to overt diabetes and is an advantageous preclinical model of type 2 diabetes.；已验证适用） · 代谢疾病（ZDSD 大鼠：Zucker 糖尿病 Sprague-Dawley 品系，用于肥胖合并 2 型糖尿病研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.；已验证适用）SHR/N-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat · 已验证适用 · 代谢疾病（SHR/N-cp 大鼠：用于早期糖调节受损与糖尿病肾功能不全并发症研究。；已验证适用） · 2型糖尿病 (T2D)（How relevant and translatable are leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models to human type 2 diabetes?; Narrative review of published studies on leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodents; no animals used in this study；已验证适用）
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