permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion C57BL/6J mouse
Permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion with ipsilateral common carotid ligation produces a cortical infarct with spared striatum. It has been used to study white-matter repair, myeloid retinoid X receptor signaling and microglial IFITM3/STING-driven neuroinflammation.
Study design
重复训练后移除平台进行探测,比较训练过程中的学习曲线及探测试验的目标象限偏好。
Randomisation
每日从 N、S、E、W 四个方位下水,起始方位在动物和训练日之间随机排列。
Blinding
实验操作与数据分析对分组设盲。
Outcome measures
存活脑组织染为红色、梗死区呈白色;以 2 mm 连续冠状切片逐孔染色成像后,测量患侧与对侧半球的梗死面积及总面积,计算患侧相对对侧的梗死面积百分比。
训练期逃避潜伏期、路径长度和游泳速度;探测期目标象限停留时间及搜索路径。
Experimental animals
- Age
- 成年(来源未报告具体周龄)
- Tissue
- 脑组织(2 mm 冠状切片;梗死区与存活区)
- Age
- 成年(来源未报告具体周龄)
- Tissue
- 脑/海马(空间学习与记忆)
- Age
- 成年(来源未报告具体周龄)
- Tissue
- 脑组织(2 mm 冠状切片;梗死区与存活区)
- Age
- 成年(来源未报告具体周龄)
- Tissue
- 脑/海马(空间学习与记忆)
Experimental procedures
TTC Staining TTC Staining The brain is removed from the skull and placed into a brain slicer mold placed in ice. Razor blades are positioned in the mold to obtain 2mm thick sections. Sections are placed in individual wells of a 24 well tissue culture dish with 500 μl of 2% TTC in 0.1M PBS. The plate is wrapped in foil and placed on a 37°C slide warmer for 30 minutes. TTC is removed and 500ul of fixative is added to each well for storage. Images of the sections are captured by Olympus S2H10 research stereo- microscope and Adobe Photoshop software. The infarct area and total area of the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres are measured with Scion image software (Scion Corporation). The percent infarct area is calculated as a percentage of the ipsilateral hemisphere relative to the contralateral hemisphere as previously described. [F2.JPG]]()
训练试次 每天从 N、S、E、W 四个象限边缘的 4 个不同起始位置释放每只小鼠。每次给予至多 100 s 寻找隐蔽平台;到达平台后停留 15 s。若小鼠在 100 s 内未找到平台,引导其到平台并停留 15 s。试次间将小鼠放回铺有干燥垫料的暂养笼,间隔 15–30 min。动物之间及不同训练日的起始位置应随机排列,避免形成固定位置策略。 无平台探测试次 每个工作周结束时移除隐蔽平台,从原平台相对象限释放小鼠,自由游泳 100 s。使用 EthoVision 记录搜索路径。对目标象限的偏好反映空间记忆巩固。 数据分析 使用 EthoVision 自动计算路径长度(cm)、游泳速度(cm/s)及各区域或象限停留时间。分析训练日之间的逃避潜伏期和路径长度,形成学习曲线;探测试验比较目标象限与其他象限的停留时间,并采用适合研究设计的统计检验。WT 小鼠的逃避潜伏期应随训练逐渐下降,探测试验对目标象限的偏好应达到 >25% 停留时间。KO 小鼠若存在空间学习障碍,可表现为逃避潜伏期延长或缺少象限偏好。
Model identity
- Model name
- permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion C57BL/6J mouse
- Species
- mouse
- Taxonomy ID
- 10090
- Strain
- C57BL/6J
Biological characteristics
- Phenotype stage
- Acute infarct and inflammation are measured within days; white-matter repair and motor recovery extend over weeks.
- Research questions
- Myeloid signaling in white-matter repair; microglial activation and neuroinflammation; neuroprotection and long-term motor recovery after permanent cortical ischemia.
- Limitations
- Distal occlusion requires craniectomy, spares the striatum and depends on collateral flow. Lesion size varies with carotid ligation and mouse substrain, and the model does not reproduce large-vessel thromboembolism.
Experimental methods
Experimental protocols
- 脑切片 TTC 染色与梗死面积测定
Fresh brains are cut to 2-mm coronal sections, stained per well with 2% TTC in 0.1M PBS at 37°C for 30 min protected from light, stored in fixative, imaged on a stereomicroscope, and infarct percentage computed ipsilateral-versus-contralateral.
- 小鼠 Morris 水迷宫空间学习与记忆测定
Assess spatial learning and memory in adult mice using hidden-platform training and platform-free probe trials, with escape latency, path length, swim velocity and target-quadrant time as readouts.
- 脑切片 TTC 染色与梗死面积测定
Fresh brains are cut to 2-mm coronal sections, stained per well with 2% TTC in 0.1M PBS at 37°C for 30 min protected from light, stored in fixative, imaged on a stereomicroscope, and infarct percentage computed ipsilateral-versus-contralateral.
- 小鼠 Morris 水迷宫空间学习与记忆测定
Assess spatial learning and memory in adult mice using hidden-platform training and platform-free probe trials, with escape latency, path length, swim velocity and target-quadrant time as readouts.
Reagents and materials
- 2% TTC 染液
TTC 工作液(染色)
- 0.1M PBS缓冲液(TTC染色溶剂)
TTC 染色工作液的缓冲体系
- 组织固定液(TTC染色后保存用)
TTC 染色后的组织切片保存
- ACUSOL OP301 遮光剂
水体遮光
- 组织固定液(TTC染色后保存用)
TTC 染色后的组织切片保存
- 0.1M PBS缓冲液(TTC染色溶剂)
TTC 染色工作液的缓冲体系
- 2% TTC 染液
TTC 工作液(染色)
- ACUSOL OP301 遮光剂
水体遮光
References
- Lyu J, Hassan S, Zhang W, Wu WC, Chen H, Zhang F, Ye Q, Li S. Myeloid Cell-Specific Retinoid X Receptor Signaling Facilitates White Matter Repair and Stroke Recovery in Aged Mice.. Stroke. 2026. PMID:42529831.
- Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Shen T, Li Y, Chen C, Fan Q, Qi J. Cholesterol Drives IFITM3+ Microglia Activation and Induces STING Mediated Neuroinflammation After Ischemic Stroke.. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics. 2026. PMID:42578421.
- Mousavi SM, Ozmen SN, Adedokun MA, Baran G, Sahin AB, Hirt L, Mustafaoglu N, Benakis C. Reassessment of Neuroprotective Efficacy of TUDCA in Ischemic Stroke: A Multi-Model In Vivo and In Vitro Study.. International journal of molecular sciences. 2026. PMID:42883946.
- NCBI Taxonomy official record: Mus musculus (house mouse), Taxonomy ID 10090.
- Ian Simpson. Induce Stroke via Hypoxia-Ischemia. protocols.io, v2, 2019. DOI: 10.17504/protocols.io.8e5htg6
- Hu Y, Yang Z-H, Yan F, et al. CCA repair or ECA ligation - Which middle cerebral artery occlusion is better in the reperfusion mouse model? Ibrain. 2023;9(3):258-269. DOI:10.1002/ibra.12128; PMID:37786756.
- Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Germano SM, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski HM. Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke. 1986;17(6):1304-1308. DOI:10.1161/01.STR.17.6.1304; PMID:2433817. 原文以成年大鼠 MCA 闭塞后 TTC 与 H&E 对比,24 小时 TTC 梗死面积 21±2% 的冠状切片面积,r=0.91,支持 TTC 用于大鼠脑梗死检测与定量。
- Clark WM, Lessov N, Lauten JD, Hazel K. Doxycycline treatment reduces ischemic brain damage in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J Mol Neurosci. 1997;9(2):103-108. DOI:10.1007/BF02736854; PMID:9407391. 原文在成年 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠以线栓行 2 小时可逆 MCAO,48 小时以梗死体积为终点(对照 158±44 mm3),支持 SD 大鼠 MCAO 梗死体积检测背景。
- Sarah van Veen; Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Végh. Morris Water Maze: Spatial Learning and Memory Assessment in Mice. protocols.io, version 1, 2026-04-28. DOI:10.17504/protocols.io.5jyl84zk7g2w/v1.
- Pascual-Lucas Maria, Viana da Silva Silvia, Di Scala Marianna et al. Insulin-like growth factor 2 reverses memory and synaptic deficits in APP transgenic mice. 2014. DOI:10.15252/emmm.201404228; PMID:25100745.
- Salas Isabel H., Callaerts-Vegh Zsuzsanna, D’Hooge Rudi et al. Increased Insoluble Amyloid-β Induces Negligible Cognitive Deficits in Old App NL / NL Knock-In Mice. 2018. DOI:10.3233/JAD-180410; PMID:30320577.
- Wang Lu, Guo Lan, Lu Lin et al. Synaptosomal Mitochondrial Dysfunction in 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. 2016. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0150441; PMID:26942905.
- Corbett Brian F., You Jason C., Zhang Xiaohong et al. ΔFosB regulates gene expression and cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.040; PMID:28700937.
- Hinrich Anthony J, Jodelka Francine M, Chang Jennifer L et al. Therapeutic correction of ApoER2 splicing in Alzheimer's disease mice using antisense oligonucleotides. 2016. DOI:10.15252/emmm.201505846; PMID:26902204.
- Wang Zhi-Hao, Gong Ke, Liu Xia et al. C/EBPβ regulates delta-secretase expression and mediates pathogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. 2018. DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-04120-z; PMID:29725016.
- Bailey et al. Effects of the C57BL/6 strain background on tauopathy progression in the rTg4510 mouse model. Molecular Neurodegeneration 2014;9:8. DOI:10.1186/1750-1326-9-8; PMID:24428919. Model/MWM applicability; the adopted procedure remains the separate protocols.io source version.
- Bouter et al. N-truncated amyloid beta (Abeta) 4-42 forms stable aggregates and induces acute and long-lasting behavioral deficits. Acta Neuropathologica 2013;126:189–205. DOI:10.1007/s00401-013-1129-2; PMID:23685882. Model/MWM applicability; source-specific assay parameters are not claimed to reproduce this article.
- PMID:40906458. Methods and Materials; Figure7 and APOE4 Aggregated Cognitive Deficits Induced by Blood-Derived Aβ. Humanized APOE4 recipients after marrow transplantation; the phenotype is not attributed to APOE4 genotype alone.
- ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines