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eNOS 缺失 db/db 糖尿病肾病参考模型(文献参考)

在C57BLKS db/db(纯合瘦素受体突变Lepr^db)背景上靶向缺失内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的复合模型;肥胖并伴高血压的2型糖尿病肾病表型,白蛋白尿、系膜基质扩张与足细胞丢失等肾病表现随病程进展。

Study design

FFPE 肾组织切片的 PAS 染色流程,按源方案 FFPE 分支执行脱蜡、复水、氧化、Schiff 显色、苏木素复染、脱水透明和封片。具体切片厚度、视野与定量方法按研究设计确定。

Outcome measures

获得 PAS 染色的肾组织切片图像:糖原、粘蛋白、基底膜等含多糖结构呈品红/粉色,苏木素复染核呈蓝色;成像文件(20x,约 1 µm 分辨率)用于后续肾组织形态学观察。

肾小球基底膜、系膜基质和糖蛋白呈 PAS 阳性(品红/紫红色),细胞核呈蓝色;按研究设计进行肾小球系膜扩张或病变范围判读。

Experimental animals

FFPE 肾组织切片 PAS 染色
Age
26 周龄
Tissue
肾组织
FFPE 肾组织 PAS 染色
Sex
Mixed
Tissue
FFPE mouse kidney

Experimental procedures

试剂盒平衡至室温 将 PAS 商品化染色试剂盒置于台面平衡至室温。 二甲苯脱蜡 石蜡切片在二甲苯中脱蜡,换液 2 次,每次 00:03:00。 梯度酒精复水 经梯度酒精复水,每级 00:01:00:100%、100%、95%、70%、水。 蒸馏水充分漂洗 手指按住玻片在流水池充分漂洗蒸馏水:向水池倾倒并补水冲洗,重复 5 次。 蒸馏水漂洗 用蒸馏水漂洗(操作同第 4 步)。 0.5% 高碘酸氧化 置于 0.5% 高碘酸溶液中 00:10:00(氧化)。 蒸馏水充分漂洗 蒸馏水充分漂洗(操作同第 4 步)。 Schiff 试剂染色 将 Schiff 试剂倒入盛有玻片的 Coplin 染色缸,室温静置 15–30 分钟(肾样品约 30 分钟)。 温水冲洗显色 在约 40 °C 流动温蒸馏水或自来水中冲洗(操作同第 4 步);冲洗后组织应呈粉色。 置入活动玻片架 将玻片放入可移动式灰色玻片架。 苏木素复染 在染色线的苏木素液中复染 00:01:00。 蒸馏水漂洗 蒸馏水充分漂洗,从苏木素缸旁的蓝色容器开始(操作同第 4 步)。 返蓝 将玻片快速浸入返蓝液(0.5% 氢氧化铵)。 漂洗至显粉色 蒸馏水中漂洗 1 分钟,直至可见粉色(操作同第 4 步)。 梯度酒精脱水 经梯度酒精脱水,每级短促浸蘸 10 次:95%、95%、100%、100%。若末次 100% 乙醇漂洗液被残余染料着色,应再以新 100% 乙醇洗涤。 二甲苯透明 在 2 轮二甲苯中透明固定,每轮 00:01:00(在通风橱内操作)。 封片 封片:玻片置于吸水纸;在盖玻片边缘加 2–3 滴 Cytoseal 封片剂(视尺寸而定);将玻片浸入二甲苯后取出,沿玻片纵向滚推二甲苯;对齐玻片与盖玻片,缓慢将玻片覆于盖玻片上;必要时用解剖工具排除气泡。 切片扫描成像 使用 Leica 明场扫描仪 AxioScan Z1 玻片扫描仪(或等效设备)以 20x(约 1 µm 空间分辨率)扫描切片,存为 .tiff 或 .jpg。

Start with FFPE here: Allow PAS “kit” to come to room temperature on the bench. Start with FFPE here: For paraffin sections, deparaffinize in xylene, two changes, 00:03:00 each. Start with FFPE here: Hydrate through graded alcohols, 00:01:00 each: 100%, 100%, 95%, 70%, water Start with FFPE here: Rinse well in distilled water by holding finger over slides, pouring water into sink and adding water. Do this 5 times. Start Frozen samples here: Place in 0.5% Periodic acid for 00:10:00 (to oxidize). Start Frozen samples here: Rinse well in distilled water (follow Step 4). Start Frozen samples here: Pour Schiff’s reagent into Coplin jar containing slides. Allow to sit 15-30 minutes at room temperature (kidney samples ~30 minutes). Start Frozen samples here: Rinse in running warm (~40 °C) distilled or tap water (follow Step 4). The tissue should appear pink after rinsing with warm water. Start Frozen samples here: Place slides in movable gray slide holder. Start Frozen samples here: Counterstain in Hematoxylin (staining line) for 00:01:00. Start Frozen samples here: Rinse well in distilled water, starting with blue container next to hematoxylin (follow Step 4). Start Frozen samples here: Quickly dip slides into “Bluing” agent (0.5% ammonium hydroxide). Start Frozen samples here: Rinse 1 minute in distilled water until pink color is visible (follow Step 4). Start Frozen samples here: Dehydrate through graded alcohols, 10 short dips in each: 95%, 95%, 100%, 100% If the last 100% ethanol rinse is colored by residual stain, additional washing in new 100% ethanol solution should be performed. Start Frozen samples here: Fix in 2 rounds of xylenes, 00:01:00 each (in the hood). Start Frozen samples here: Coverslip slides: - Place coverslip on paper towel - Add 2-3 drops of cytoseal to edge (depending on size) - Dip slide into xylenes, take out and roll the xylene lengthwise on slide - Line up slide and cover slip and slowly place the slide on the coverslip - If needed, use dissecting tool to remove bubbles Start Frozen samples here: Image slides using a Leica brightfield scanner, AxioScan Z1 slide scanner (or equivalent) at 20x (~1 µm spatial resolution) and save as.tiff or.jpg file.

Model identity

Model name
eNOS 缺失 db/db 糖尿病肾病参考模型(文献参考)
Species
mouse
Taxonomy ID
10090
Strain
C57BLKS db/db(eNOS 缺失)
Genetic background
C57BLKS
Genotype / zygosity
Nos3 缺失叠加 Lepr^db(C57BLKS db/db 背景)

Biological characteristics

Phenotype stage
约4周龄起肥胖;4–8周龄发生高血糖;糖尿病持续12周时可见白蛋白尿、系膜扩张与足细胞丢失等肾病表现,持续24周时病变更重。
Research questions
糖尿病肾病与人共享的肾小球转录网络与通路(JAK/STAT、VEGFR 信号等);依据共享网络选择与人的疾病过程最相关的模型。
Limitations
文献参考模型,不代表公司实际保有、供应或质检。仅部分重现人糖尿病肾病:糖尿病病程12周和24周时观察到的肾小球转录变化最接近人类微量白蛋白尿之前的很早期病变;人早期糖尿病肾病可见的肾小球JAK2表达上调未在该类鼠模型复现。同一比较研究中的DBA/2低剂量链脲佐菌素(1型)与单纯BKS db/db(2型、无高血压标注)为另两种不同模型,其网络与通路结果不适用于本eNOS缺失复合模型。

Experimental methods

Experimental protocols

  • FFPE 肾组织切片 PAS 染色

    FFPE kidney sections undergo xylene dewaxing, graded-alcohol hydration, 0.5% periodic-acid oxidation, Schiff development, Mayer hematoxylin counterstain, bluing, dehydration, clearing and Cytoseal mounting, then brightfield scanning at 20x.

  • FFPE 肾组织 PAS 染色

    This protocol adopts the FFPE branch of the protocols.io PAS staining protocol for human kidney tissue v3. Paraffin sections are dewaxed in xylene, rehydrated through graded alcohols, oxidized with periodic acid, stained with Schiff reagent, counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated, cleared and coverslipped to demonstrate glomerular basement membranes, mesangial matrix and glycoproteins. The record describes the staining procedure, not executed disease-model results.

Reagents and materials

References

  1. Identification of cross-species shared transcriptional networks of diabetic nephropathy in human and mouse glomeruli. Diabetes. 2013. PMID:23139354; DOI:10.2337/db11-1667; PMC3526018.
  2. NCBI Taxonomy official record: Mus musculus (house mouse), Taxonomy ID 10090.
  3. Elizabeth Neumann; Jamie Allen; Angela Kruse; Jennifer Harvey; Maya Brewer; Carrie Romer; Mark De Caestecker; Jeff Spraggins. PAS Staining of Fresh Frozen or Paraffin Embedded Human Kidney Tissue. protocols.io, v3, 2023. DOI: 10.17504/protocols.io.x54v98nkzl3e/v3
  4. Zhao HJ; Wang S; Cheng H; Zhang MZ; Takahashi T; Fogo AB; Breyer MD; Harris RC. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficiency produces accelerated nephropathy in diabetic mice. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2006 Oct. PMID:16971655.
  5. Elizabeth Neumann, Jamie Allen, Angela R.S. Kruse, Jennifer Harvey, Maya Brewer, Carrie Romer, Mark De Caestecker, Jeff Spraggins. PAS Staining of Fresh Frozen or Paraffin Embedded Human Kidney Tissue. protocols.io v3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.x54v98nkzl3e/v3
  6. ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines