AOM/DSS 结肠炎相关结肠肿瘤模型（文献参考）

以预先生成的 cDNA 为输入的 SYBR Green 实时定量 PCR 检测。每孔加入 10 ng cDNA，技术三重复；使用 PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix 与 5 µM 正反向引物；按源方案循环条件扩增并读取 CT，以看家基因和参考实验组进行 ΔΔCT 分析。具体基因、引物和生物学分组按各研究设计确定。

获得可供光学显微镜观察的 H&E 染色组织切片：细胞核蓝紫色、细胞质与结缔组织纤维粉红色，用于观察组织中细胞的整体结构与形态细节。本方案本身不产出病理评分数值，也不提供特定分子标志物的定量结果。

各样品目标序列的 CT 值；以看家基因归一化并以参考实验组计算 ΔΔCT/相对表达量。本方案不包含具体基因或疾病特异结论，输出判读依赖所选的引物、看家基因和实验分组。

每只动物的大体肿瘤数目、各肿瘤直径（卡尺测量）与肿瘤负荷（该动物全部肿瘤尺寸之和），配套照片与组织学分级输入；用于组间成瘤负担比较。

脱蜡（Dewaxing） 石蜡切片置于二甲苯中脱蜡 3 次，每次 00:03:00。 复水（Rehydration） 石蜡切片依次置于 100% 乙醇中 3 次、每次 00:03:00，再置于 95% 乙醇中 1 次、00:03:00，随后用水漂洗。 苏木素核染色（Hematoxylin staining） 石蜡切片以苏木素染液染色 00:00:20，随后在流水下冲洗 00:01:00。 分化与返蓝（Differentiation and bluing） 石蜡切片置于返蓝液中 00:01:00，随后在流水下冲洗 00:01:00；此步使细胞核呈现蓝色。 伊红染色（Eosin staining） 石蜡切片以伊红复染 00:00:10；此步使细胞质成分与结缔组织纤维呈现粉红色。 脱水与透明（Dehydration and Clearing） 石蜡切片依次置于 95% 乙醇中 00:02:00、100% 乙醇中 2 次、每次 00:02:00，随后置于二甲苯中 2 次、每次 00:02:00。 封片（Mounting） 石蜡切片以 Permount 封片介质加盖玻片封固。

qPCR 反应体系 **Option 2****: SYBR qPCR** qPCR 反应体系 Prepare SYBR Master mix (ul per well): 1. 5ul PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix (#A25776, Applied Biosystem-ThermoFisher) 1. 1ul Primers (Forward and Reverse, diluted in Nuclease-free water at 5µM) qPCR 反应体系 Add 6ul of SYBR Master mix to each well with an automatic pipette (Multipette E3, Eppendorf) qPCR 反应体系 Add 4ul of cDNA per well (10ng cDNA) in technical triplicates to each well of LightCycler 480 Multiwell 384-plate (#4729749001, Roche Diagnostics) 热循环 Perform PCR using the following cycling conditions in a LightCycler® 480 System (Roche): 1. 50˚C for 2min 1. 95˚C for 2min 1. 95˚C for 15s + 60˚C for 1min (x40cycles) 数据分析 Using the LightCycler Software obtain the threshold cycles (CT) signals from each samples. 数据分析 Perform ΔΔCT-method to analyze the expression data using the endogenous control genes and the reference experimental group.

Procedure Open the mice using sterile forceps and scissors to carefully remove the entire colon and place it in a 10 cm Petri dish with 15 ml cold sterile PBS, which should be enough to cover the entire colon. Procedure Carefully hold the distal part of the colon with the help of forceps and then flush to remove feces with 5-10 ml cold sterile PBS using a 21 G needle attached to a 5 ml syringe. After flushing the feces, put the cleaned colon in a new Petri dish. Procedure Carefully open the colon longitudinally and rinse again with cold PBS to remove remaining feces. Procedure For the AOM/DSS experiment, count the macroscopic tumors in the longitudinally open colon. In our in-house bred mice with mostly C57BL/6 background, tumor development is observed in 100% of the WT animals. Tumor size (average diameter) is measured using a digital caliper and tumor load per mouse is calculated by summing up the sizes of all the tumors in a given mouse. After counting tumor numbers and load, longitudinally opened colons can be photographed (Figure 1) before fixing them as ”swiss-rolls” in 10% formalin solution and then embedding in paraffin. H&E stained paraffin sections (Figure 2) should be analyzed for tumor grading and immune cells infiltration by an experience pathologist.