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Disease

diabetes mellitus

Disease classification：endocrine pancreas disorder; pancreas disorder; glucose metabolism disease; digestive system disorder; metabolic disease; endocrine system disorder

About this disease

A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization.

Standard definition source：MONDO:0005015 diabetes mellitus · ontology version 2026-10-06

References

  1. Noshahr Zahra Samadi, Salmani Hossein, Khajavi Rad Abolfazl, Sahebkar Amirhossein. Animal Models of Diabetes-Associated Renal Injury. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2020.
  2. Xu Ning, Wang Lili, Wei Yingliang, Zou Pingzhou, Xu Suyang, Liu Chenjun, Yin Bohao, Guan Junjie, Fan Zhiyuan, Wu Shengting, Dai Huiyong, Song Sa, Qi Xin, Zhang Wei. Sustained in situ exosome delivery reprograms the diabetic wound microenvironment to unlock immuno-angiogenic repair. Regenerative Biomaterials. 2026.
  3. He Huijun, Wang Honglian, Chen Xiaocui, Zhong Yu, Huang Xiao Ru, Ma Ronald CW, Wang Cheng, Lan Hui-Yao. Treatment for type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by targeting Smad3 signaling. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2024.
  4. Wang Andrea N., Carlos Joselia, Fraser Graham M., McGuire John J.. Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat: Type 2 diabetes translational research model. Experimental Physiology. 2022.
  5. Niu Tian, Jiang Yan, Xing Xindan, Zhu Qian, Liu Xinyi, Lv Kangjia, Fang Junwei, Liu Kun. ISG15 + Müller glial subtype contributes to early blood–retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2026.
  6. Jie Ruyan, Tang Ying, Wu Tingting, Zhang Chenfan, Song Man, Zhao Xiaotong, Chen Mingwei. miR-222-3p inhibits diabetic skin wound healing by targeting APLN. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2026.
  7. Huang Shing-Hwa, Kuo Shun-Li, Chen Shyi-Jou, Lin Jeng-Rong, Chen Yuan-Wu, Hong Zhi-Jie, Sytwu Huey-Kang, Lin Gu-Jiun, Bonsi Laura. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Spontaneous Diabetes and Autoimmune Recurrence in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice by Enhancing Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells and Showed Potential for Use in Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022.
  8. Kalaitzoglou Evangelia, Fowlkes John L., Thrailkill Kathryn M.. Mouse models of type 1 diabetes and their use in skeletal research. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity. 2022.
  9. Shi Yiying, Yang Xianmin, Meng Fanxu, Feenstra Anton, Chen Jin, Gu Zongwen, Gao Xiang, Yao Wenqing, Dong Guozhen, Gong Liyan, Wu Han, Zhang Chuanliang, Gu Yuchao. The PTPN1/N2 Peptide Inhibitor Achieves Potent, Long-Acting Glycemic Control and Weight-Loss Dual Efficacy in Mice. ACS Omega. 2026.
  10. Serreze David V., Tousey‐Pfarrer Marissa, Racine Jeremy J.. Humanized Mouse Models for Type 1 Diabetes. Current Protocols. 2025.
  11. Islam Md. Shahidul. Animal Models of Diabetic Neuropathy: Progress Since 1960s. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2013.
  12. González-Soria Isaac, Palacios-Brito Esmeralda, Gómez-Trujillo Dulce, Barragán-Jiménez Karla, Soto-Valadez Axel D., Martínez-Rojas Miguel Angel, Oliva-García Daniel, Aranda Jorge, Pérez-Villalva Rosalba, López-Griego Lorena, Díaz-Villaseñor Andrea, Bobadilla Norma A.. SerpinA3k Deficiency Ameliorates Experimental type 2 Diabetes. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS. 2025.
  13. Al Kury L., Smail M., Qureshi M. A., Sydorenko V., Shmygol A., Oz M., Singh J., Howarth F. C.. Calcium Signaling in the Ventricular Myocardium of the Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2018.
  14. Heydemann Ahlke. An Overview of Murine High Fat Diet as a Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2016.
  15. Liu Yunwei, Cui Chongsong, Peng You, Zhang Yaqi, Zhong Tuoling, Zhang Hang, Liang Qingshun, Liu Zhenjie. A Rat Model Mimicking Treatment-Induced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Following Experimental Rapid Weight Loss. Journal of Pain Research. 2026.
  16. Wong F. Susan, Pearson James A., Wen Li. Is the NOD mouse a good model for type 1 diabetes?. Diabetologia. 2025.
  17. Giralt-López Anna, Molina-Van den Bosch Mireia, Vergara Ander, García-Carro Clara, Seron Daniel, Jacobs-Cachá Conxita, Soler Maria José. Revisiting Experimental Models of Diabetic Nephropathy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020.
  18. Kitada Munehiro, Ogura Yoshio, Koya Daisuke. Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 2016.
  19. Fu Sisi, Zhou Fei, Gong Liya, Ye Aili. Amelioration of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota homeostasis by a combination of Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , Enterococcus , and Bacillus in obese type 2 diabetic mice. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2026.
  20. Wang Baolan, Zhang Dandan, Zhang Fudan, Meng Xue, Zhang Li, Li Zhenzuo, Bostani Amirabas, Datta Choudhury Satabdi. Naringenin Attenuates Diabetic Cardiac Injury via SIRT1 Activation in Streptozotocin‐Induced Rats. Cardiovascular Therapeutics. 2026.

Applicable models

Models come from published, verified disease–model relations only.

Model consultation