Technical services

Experimental methods

• immunohistochemistry

  组织切片中的蛋白抗原，本条目用于阿尔茨海默病研究时的目标抗原包括：β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ40、Aβ42 及泛 Aβ 表位，如 4G8 与 Aβ 末端特异性抗体）、异常磷酸化 tau（AT8 表位）、小胶质细胞标记 IBA1 与 F4/80、星形胶质细胞标记 GFAP，以及神经元标记 NeuN。

• insulin assay

• KIM-1/ALT/AST 损伤标志物 ELISA/qPCR

• leptin assay

• mass measurement assay

  肿瘤湿重（mg 或 g）

• mass spectrometry assay

  SCFAs

• metabolomics by mass spectrometry assay

• Nissl 染色

• PAS 染色 (糖原/粘蛋白)

• PK/PD 基因多态性关联分析

Experimental protocols

Protocols apply a method to a defined measurement, with samples, procedures and quality controls. Available services are linked separately.

• 小鼠/大鼠尿白蛋白定量（Albumin Blue 580 染料结合微量板法）

  Version 3

  Quantifies mouse or rat urinary albumin on a 96-well plate with the Albumin Blue 580 dye-binding reagent and fluorescence readout, following the pinned protocol series-dilution, plating, reading and curve-fitting steps.

• FFPE 肾组织 PAS 染色

  Version 4

  This protocol adopts the FFPE branch of the protocols.io PAS staining protocol for human kidney tissue v3. Paraffin sections are dewaxed in xylene, rehydrated through graded alcohols, oxidized with periodic acid, stained with Schiff reagent, counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated, cleared and coverslipped to demonstrate glomerular basement membranes, mesangial matrix and glycoproteins. The record describes the staining procedure, not executed disease-model results.

• 小鼠低剂量链脲佐菌素多次注射糖尿病诱导

  Version 1

  Freshly prepared streptozotocin (7.5 mg/ml in pH 4.5 sodium citrate buffer) injected intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days in fasted, isoflurane-anesthetized mice, with hyperglycaemia confirmed at four weeks.

• 小鼠口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）

  Version 11

  This protocol adopts the protocols.io Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Mouse v1. Mice are fasted for 4–6 hours, weighed, and given oral glucose at 1 g/kg (0.5 g/kg after at least 4 weeks of high-fat diet). Blood glucose is measured before and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the load, with tail-vein plasma collected at selected time points for insulin measurement. The record describes the assay procedure, not executed disease-model results.

• 小鼠口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）

  Version 10

  This protocol adopts the protocols.io Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Mouse v1. Mice are fasted for 4–6 hours, weighed, and given oral glucose at 1 g/kg (0.5 g/kg after at least 4 weeks of high-fat diet). Blood glucose is measured before and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the load, with tail-vein plasma collected at selected time points for insulin measurement. The record describes the assay procedure, not executed disease-model results.

• 小鼠口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）

  Version 7

  This protocol adopts the protocols.io Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Mouse v1. Mice are fasted for 4–6 hours, weighed, and given oral glucose at 1 g/kg (0.5 g/kg after at least 4 weeks of high-fat diet). Blood glucose is measured before and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the load, with tail-vein plasma collected at selected time points for insulin measurement. The record describes the assay procedure, not executed disease-model results.

• 大鼠尾静脉血糖测定

  Version 4

  Measure rat tail-vein blood glucose using Roche Accutrend Plus test strips and meter.

• 大鼠 Morris 水迷宫空间定位与再学习测定

  Version 4

  A rat water-maze procedure using an automated Atlantis platform and distal cues, with a new platform location each day. Preserve the separate platform-found and platform-not-found paths, and record escape latency and swim trajectories across the successive trials.

• 天狼星红（Picrosirius red）胶原染色

  Version 5

  This protocol adopts the protocols.io Picrosirius red staining for histology v1. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections are dewaxed and rehydrated, optionally pre-treated with phosphotungstic acid and counterstained with Weigert haematoxylin, then stained with 0.1% Sirius Red F3BA in saturated picric acid, differentiated with acetic acid, dehydrated, cleared and mounted. Collagen appears red in bright field and birefringent under polarised light. The record describes staining and microscopic observation, not a complete fibrosis area or stage quantification.

• Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining for histopathology

  Version 7

  Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections (4 μm). The workflow covers dewaxing, rehydration, hematoxylin nuclear staining, bluing, eosin counterstaining, dehydration and clearing, and coverslipping, yielding blue-purple nuclei and pink cytoplasm and connective tissue fibers for light-microscopic assessment of cellular and tissue morphology.