疾病
2 型糖尿病
疾病分类：endocrine pancreas disorder／pancreas disorder／glucose metabolism disease／digestive system disorder／diabetes mellitus／metabolic disease
疾病介绍
2 型糖尿病以胰岛素抵抗或敏感性降低、血糖升高为特征，可在长期过程中逐渐发展，并受到遗传和环境因素影响。
标准定义来源：MONDO:0005148 type 2 diabetes mellitus · 本体版本 2026-10-06
参考文献
- Noshahr Zahra Samadi, Salmani Hossein, Khajavi Rad Abolfazl, Sahebkar Amirhossein. Animal Models of Diabetes-Associated Renal Injury. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2020.
- Wang Yun, Zheng Yue, Nishina Patsy M, Naggert Jürgen K.. A new mouse model of metabolic syndrome and associated complications. The Journal of endocrinology. 2009.
- Wu Suhua, Peng Juan, Wang Xiaodong, Gao Hong, Fang Huangrui, Hu Shiyi, Wei Qiufen, Dang Yuanye, Tu Haixia, Zhu Mingyan, Peng Jianye, Liu Yumiao, Zeng Gaofeng, Dai Xiaoyan. Gpx4 Deletion‐Mediated Macrophage Ferroptosis Alleviates Obesity‐Associated Insulin Resistance. The FASEB Journal. 2026.
- Yorek M.A.. Alternatives to the Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rodent. International review of neurobiology. 2016.
- Van Herck Mikhaïl A., Vonghia Luisa, Francque Sven M.. Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—A Starter’s Guide. Nutrients. 2017.
- Wang Andrea N., Carlos Joselia, Fraser Graham M., McGuire John J.. Zucker Diabetic‐Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat: Type 2 diabetes translational research model. Experimental Physiology. 2022.
- Rodríguez-Correa Eduardo, González-Pérez Imelda, Clavel-Pérez Pedro Isauro, Contreras-Vargas Yolanda, Carvajal Karla. Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats: what is the best choice?. Nutrition & Diabetes. 2020.
- He Huijun, Wang Honglian, Chen Xiaocui, Zhong Yu, Huang Xiao Ru, Ma Ronald CW, Wang Cheng, Lan Hui-Yao. Treatment for type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by targeting Smad3 signaling. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2024.
- da Silva Xavier Gabriela, Bellomo Elisa A., McGinty James A., French Paul M., Rutter Guy A.. Animal Models of GWAS-Identified Type 2 Diabetes Genes. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2013.
- Zhou Rongrong, Llorente Cristina, Cao Jinling, Zaramela Livia S., Zeng Suling, Gao Bei, Li Shang-Zhen, Welch Ryan D., Huang Feng-Qing, Qi Lian-Wen, Pan Chuyue, Huang Yan, Zhou Pengchen, Beussen Iris, Zhang Ying, Bryam Gregory, Fiehn Oliver, Wang Lirui, Liu E-Hu, Yu Ruth T., Downes Michael, Evans Ronald M., Goglin Karrie, Fouts Derrick E., Brenner David A., Bode Lars, Fan Xuegong, Zengler Karsten, Schnabl Bernd. Intestinal α1-2-Fucosylation Contributes to Obesity and Steatohepatitis in Mice. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2021.
- Wang Bingxuan, P. Charukeshi Chandrasekera, Pippin John J.. Leptin- and Leptin Receptor-Deficient Rodent Models: Relevance for Human Type 2 Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reviews. 2014.
- Huang Chien-Wei, Li Chia-Jung, Sung Junne-Ming, Tsai Yau-Sheng, Chen Jin-Shuen. Association between FNDC5 Deficiency and Compromised Mitochondrial Integrity and Biogenesis in Kidney Disease. International Journal of Medical Sciences. 2026.
- Heydemann Ahlke. An Overview of Murine High Fat Diet as a Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2016.
- Katsuda Yoshiaki, Ohta Takeshi, Miyajima Katsuhiro, Kemmochi Yusuke, Sasase Tomohiko, Tong Bin, Shinohara Masami, Yamada Takahisa. Diabetic Complications in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rat Models. Experimental Animals. 2014.
- Al Kury L., Smail M., Qureshi M. A., Sydorenko V., Shmygol A., Oz M., Singh J., Howarth F. C.. Calcium Signaling in the Ventricular Myocardium of the Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2018.
- Kitada Munehiro, Ogura Yoshio, Koya Daisuke. Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 2016.
- Islam Md. Shahidul. Animal Models of Diabetic Neuropathy: Progress Since 1960s. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2013.
- Feng Bin, Chen Chao, Chen Lin, Chen Yuqiong, Mao Wenjun, Yu Peiran, Yu Hao, Shi Bimin, Zhang Nannan. LGR6 couples maresin 1 signaling to glycolytic flux and protein lactylation for the rescue of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2026.
- Pitale Priyamvada M., Gorbatyuk Marina S., Rossi Settimio. Diabetic Retinopathy: From Animal Models to Cellular Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022.
- Stott Nicole L., Marino Joseph S.. High Fat Rodent Models of Type 2 Diabetes: From Rodent to Human. Nutrients. 2020.
适用模型
常用模型严格来自已发布且已验证的疾病—模型关联。
db/db (Lepr^db)
db/db 模型用于肥胖相关胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病研究，适用性受遗传背景影响。
已验证适用
模型完整资料ob/ob (Lep^ob)
ob/ob 模型用于肥胖、胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病相关代谢研究，糖尿病表型受遗传背景影响。
已验证适用
模型完整资料CC G×E 多品系队列 (NZO 背景)
CC多品系在饮食条件下与T2D相关的体重、葡萄糖代谢及宿主遗传背景互作的文献参考用途。所引研究使用CC037、CC019、CC010、CC005及C57BL/6对照；其结果不据此证明本条所称“NZO背景”队列的具体组成或公司资源身份。
已验证适用
模型完整资料饮食诱导肥胖（DIO）模型（文献参考）
2型糖尿病饮食诱导肥胖与胰岛素抵抗研究的文献参考模型（DIO）
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mouse
HFD group compared with chow-fed controls for metabolic and renal outcomes.
已验证适用
模型完整资料Wistar fatty rat
Wistar fatty rats develop glucose intolerance accompanied by exaggerated insulin secretion, hypertrophied islets with degranulation of β cells, albuminuria and decreased GFR, increased ICAM-1 expression and renal hypertrophy.
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes rodent
How can diet and low-dose streptozotocin be combined to model type 2 diabetes?; rodents fed high caloric diets with low-dose STZ
已验证适用
模型完整资料Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) rat
Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats.
已验证适用
模型完整资料ob/ob C57BL/6 mouse
The review evaluates monogenic obesity models for T2D.; Published ob/ob mouse studies.
已验证适用
模型完整资料Goto-Kakizaki rat
Does resveratrol improve glucose tolerance, tissue lipid handling and pancreatic islet structure in Goto-Kakizaki rats?; GK rats
已验证适用
模型完整资料db/db C57BLKS mouse
Which renal and metabolic abnormalities develop in db/db mice; db/db mouse kidney and urine at 12 weeks
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes C57BL/6J mouse
How chromatin accessibility, transcript isoforms and RNA modifications are remodeled in diabetic cardiomyopathy.; Whether HFD/STZ mice develop diabetic cardiomyopathy with transcriptional and epigenetic remodeling.
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes C57BL/6J mouse
Does aerobic exercise alleviate diabetic arterial remodeling through Sirt1?; Male C57BL/6J mice, 6 weeks old; CON, CON-Exe, T2DM and T2DM-Exe groups
已验证适用
模型完整资料university of california davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat
How is diabetes defined and staged in the UCD-T2DM rat?; UCD-T2DM rats under regular chow or high-fat diet, with fed or fasting blood glucose monitoring.
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes C57BL/6 mouse
Does the STZ-HFD model produce more intervertebral disc inflammation and degeneration than db/db?; Intervertebral discs from male C57BL/6 mice, 12 weeks old at start, n=13 STZ-HFD and n=7 vehicle controls
已验证适用
模型完整资料ob/ob mouse
Does suppressing Lpcat3 improve insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in diet-induced and genetic obese diabetic mice?; 6-7-week-old ob/ob mice
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse
Whether PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibition induces weight loss in diet-induced obesity with an intact but resistant leptin axis; DIO mice, n = 5 per group, 6-week treatment plus 2-week withdrawal
已验证适用
模型完整资料Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat
Recommendation that diabetic rat models remain essential for developing novel drugs and understanding human diabetes.; Review-level conclusion.
已验证适用
模型完整资料Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat
Which rat model most closely resembles human DR pathophysiology?; Review of spontaneously diabetic Torii rats
已验证适用
模型完整资料t2dn/mcwi rat
Is the T2DN/Mcwi rat suitable for advanced diabetic nephropathy research?; T2DN/Mcwi rat
已验证适用
模型完整资料Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat
Pathophysiological features of diabetes and its complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis across models.
已验证适用
模型完整资料KK-Ay mouse
What stages of diabetic nephropathy does the KK-Ay mouse reproduce?; KK-Ay mouse
已验证适用
模型完整资料ob/ob BTBR mouse
Which rodent models and phenotyping methods are appropriate for experimental diabetic nephropathy?; diabetic nephropathy models
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Wistar rat
Does MOTS-c restore cardiac mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic rats?; Male Wistar rats, 6-7 weeks old and 150-200 g, fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks with a 25 mg/kg streptozotocin injection at week 8
已验证适用
模型完整资料Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat
Review of pancreatic, renal, ocular, neural, bone and gonadal complications in obese T2D rat models.; Review-level synthesis of ZDF studies.
已验证适用
模型完整资料db/db mouse
Which metabolic and renal abnormalities develop in db/db mice; kidney tissue, urine and serum from db/db mice
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes C57BL/6J mouse
Does liver-directed AAV-BMP7 reverse diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance?; Male C57BL/6J mice fed chow or HFD for 6 weeks from 2 months of age, then followed about 6 months
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rat
Whether DMT1-mediated iron transport in bone contributes to the bone microstructure and biomechanical deterioration of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.; Tibia of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old at purchase, fed high-fat diet for two months then given 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal streptozotocin, studied at 8 months of age; n=10 per group.
已验证适用
模型完整资料High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mouse
Does loss of CD226 alter high-fat diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue macrophage inflammation?; Wild-type C57BL/6 littermates fed a 60% fat HFD for 16 weeks starting at 5-6 weeks of age
已验证适用
模型完整资料SHR/N-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat
How relevant and translatable are leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models to human type 2 diabetes?; Narrative review of published studies on leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodents; no animals used in this study
已验证适用
模型完整资料Tcf7l2 whole-body knockout mouse (reference model)
What whole-body loss of Tcf7l2 reveals about T2D risk gene function.; Constitutive Tcf7l2 −/− mice.
已验证适用
模型完整资料ZnT8 (Slc30a8) systemic knockout mouse
What systemic ZnT8 loss reveals about insulin processing and glucose homeostasis.; Systemic ZnT8 knockout mice from several colonies.
已验证适用
模型完整资料pancreas-specific Tcf7l2 knockout mouse (Pdx1-Cre)
Whether pancreatic Tcf7l2 deletion impairs glucose homeostasis.; Pancreas-specific Tcf7l2 knockout mice.
已验证适用
模型完整资料alpha cell-specific ZnT8 knockout mouse
Whether α cell ZnT8 deletion affects glucose tolerance.; α cell-specific ZnT8 null mice.
已验证适用
模型完整资料beta cell-specific Tcf7l2 knockout mouse (RIP2.Cre-ER T2, tamoxifen-inducible)
Whether β cell-specific Tcf7l2 deletion reproduces the islet phenotype.; βTCF4KO mice on normal or high-fat diet.
已验证适用
模型完整资料beta cell-specific ZnT8 knockout mouse (RIP2 promoter)
Whether β cell ZnT8 deletion accounts for the systemic knockout phenotype.; β cell-specific ZnT8 null mice.
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet-fed Wistar rat
What hepatic and adipose responses do Wistar rats show to moderate-duration HFD?; Reviewed studies of Wistar rats fed 45% lard-based diet for 4-15 weeks
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet-induced obesity Sprague-Dawley rat
Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; High-fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats.
已验证适用
模型完整资料Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rat
Which rodent models and endpoints have been used to study obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and what are their limitations?; Obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats.
已验证适用
模型完整资料JCR:LA-corpulent (JCR:LA-cp) rat
How relevant and translatable are leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models to human type 2 diabetes?; Narrative review of published studies on leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodents; no animals used in this study
已验证适用
模型完整资料45% high-fat diet Western-like rodent model
Review-recommended model that most closely recapitulates human Western diet and progressive T2D phenotype
已验证适用
模型完整资料high carbohydrate diet-induced rat model
Review-recommended model for early MS stages with mild FBG effect but significant hypertriglyceridemia and IR
已验证适用
模型完整资料high carbohydrate-high fat diet-induced rat model (cafeteria diet)
Review-recommended cafeteria-style HCH-HFD as the most robust model inducing obesity, dyslipidemia, IR, hyperglycemia and inflammation
已验证适用
模型完整资料high fat diet-induced rat model
Review-recommended 30-50% HFD as the model of choice to simulate a condition close to T2DM within 10+ weeks
已验证适用
模型完整资料neonatal streptozotocin followed by high-fat diet mouse
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes combined with HFD is used as a NAFLD model
已验证适用
模型完整资料high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mouse (adult induction)
Adult high-fat diet plus streptozotocin mouse research on hyperglycemia and diabetic kidney injury.
已验证适用
模型完整资料